Health insurance extras is like a book of discount vouchers. In exchange for a few hundred dollars a year, it lets you reduce your out-of-pocket expenses on things like dental care, glasses or contact lenses, and clinical treatments like physiotherapy and psychology.

In a nutshell, extras policies cover you for health care that you receive outside a hospital, and which Medicare does not cover. That's why dental care and glasses are the two most commonly claimed items.

Extras policies are often sold as a bundle with private hospital insurance, but you don't have to combine them. You can buy one type of policy and not the other, or you can even get individual hospital and extras policies from different funds.

On this page:

• Do you need extras insurance?
• What level of extras cover do you need?
• How much can you claim?
• Can extras save you money on tax?
• Extras health insurance tips

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Do you need extras insurance?

Health insurance extras (sometimes called ancillary care or general treatment) isn't really insurance in the traditional sense of buying cover for "just in case". 

You know you're going to need one or two dental check-ups a year, or perhaps glasses, or a certain number of physio sessions. Extras cover can help you budget for that, and ideally reduce your out-of-pocket expenses. In other words, the trick is to pay less in premiums than you get back in benefits.

Whether you need extras insurance comes down to whether you can get value out of it. If you're diligent enough to keep claiming through the year, then extras is for you. If you're just going to keep the card in your wallet until the once or twice a year you visit the dentist, save your money and just pay for it directly.

Is your current extras policy right for you?

To work out if your extras health insurance is giving you value for money, ask your health fund for three things:

• a claims statement from the last year
• the Private Health Information Statement (PHIS) for your policy
• the value of the extras component of your total premium (if you have a combined policy).

The claims statement lists all the services you claimed in the last year: how much they cost and how much your insurer refunded you. Compare the refund total against your premium. If you find your premium is higher than the benefits you receive and you don't anticipate your health needs will change anytime soon, consider switching to a less expensive policy or cancelling extras cover altogether.

The PHIS will tell you the basic information about what you can claim with your policy. If you skipped a dental check-up last year, or you know you're going to visit the physio more this year, you can work out how much you can get back if you really put the effort in to get value out of the policy.

What level of extras cover do you need?

It all depends on how you use the services covered by extras.

Do you have ongoing dental problems, get monthly massages, buy a new pair of glasses each year and plan to get braces for your kids? You'll probably benefit from a more expensive comprehensive cover.

If you're just after the basics – many people only want cover for dental, optical, and physiotherapy – then you should consider a budget or medium policy. Cheaper policies aren't necessarily worse than the expensive options. You could get cover with the highest benefits limits and all the bells and whistles available, but if you're spending more on premiums than you're claiming, it's still a bad purchase.

How much can you claim?

Don't expect your extras policy to cover all of your bills. In 2023 the average insurer rebate was 50% of the total fee. 

Budget policies can actually be a better option: the benefits tend to be a bit lower, and the range of services more restricted, but the lower premium gives you an easier claims target to hit.

Comprehensive top-shelf policies are generally most suitable for people with expensive claims they want to offset, such as orthodontic treatment or hearing aids. For those services you'll be lucky to get back a third of the fee even with the best cover, so you'll still have to make claims for other things to get value out of your cover.

Dental cover

Dental care is the biggest reason most people get extras – almost half of all claims are in this category. Dental is split into four categories: 

• general dental (basic things like check-ups)
• major dental (crowns or tooth extractions)
• endodontic (root canal)
• orthodontic (braces).

Annual limits for general dental range from $200 to unlimited. Annual limits for major dental and endodontic range from $300 to unlimited. These three categories are sometimes combined under a single limit, while orthodontic is usually treated separately (see below). Individual treatments will also attract item limits, which will constrain the amount you can claim for any one visit to the dentist.

Orthodontic

This is treated differently to other dental services. Orthodontic often comes with item limits, annual limits, and lifetime limits. For example, you might be able to claim:

• 60% (item limit) of your orthodontic bill
• up to $1000 per year (annual limit)
• up to a cap of $2500 (lifetime limit).

These caps apply per person, so if you're thinking about getting braces for all of your kids, the lifetime limit will apply to the individual. Keep in mind that if you're considering getting extras to cover the cost of orthodontic, there's typically a 12-month waiting period. A lot of funds offer orthodontic benefits that increase over time, so that you can't claim the full benefit unless you've been a loyal customer for several years.

Optical

The typical benefit for optical is $250. Some policies will also add extra sublimits for frames, single- or multi-focal lenses, and contact lenses, so check with the fund before joining to confirm how much you can claim.

Most policies will cover 100% of the bill up to your annual limit, although some will only contribute a percentage, which will leave you out of pocket. Most funds will also only cover the cost of the normal lens, not special tinting.

Read more about what to consider when buying prescription glasses.

Clinical therapies

Clinical therapies include physiotherapy, podiatry and psychology. Benefits for these services are paid per visit. Usually a policy will have a slightly higher benefit for the first visit than subsequent visits. 

Under psychology, there may be different benefits for a private counselling session and group therapy sessions. You typically cannot claim for sessions covered by a Mental Health Care Plan, even if your provider charges you a gap. However, if you need more sessions beyond the 10 per year covered by Medicare, your extras can cover some or all of the cost.

If you require appliances for physiotherapy or podiatric treatment (e.g. pressure therapy garments or orthotic devices), the health fund may cover these as well if your GP or allied health professional prescribes them.

Pharmaceuticals not listed on the PBS

Extras can cover you for the cost of some prescription medicines that aren't subsidised by the government. Typically these are medicines which are only available with a prescription, and not listed on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) schedule.

You typically will have to pay the equivalent PBS copayment (i.e. what you'd have to pay if the medicine was listed on the PBS) before your insurer benefits kick in. In 2024 the PBS copayment is up to $31.60 for most PBS medicines, or $7.70 if you have a concession card.

Some funds won't pay a benefit for oral contraceptives, and some only allow members to claim for travel vaccinations. Medicines prescribed as part of inpatient hospital treatment are usually not covered (but they would be under private hospital cover).

Hearing aids and blood glucose monitors

Some extras policies offer benefits for some health devices, most commonly hearing aids and blood glucose monitors for diabetics. Benefits are typically for the cost of the appliance and for repairs (although, never forget in many instances you have rights to a repair under the Australian Consumer Law). And there are usually service limits: for example, you may only be able claim the cost of a new appliance every three years.

Can extras save you money on tax?

There are two penalties that apply to some people who don't have health insurance. Luckily, they don't apply to extras cover.

If you don't have private hospital cover and you earn over $97,000 a year ($194,000 as a couple, family and single parent), then you'll have to pay a tax called the Medicare Levy Surcharge. You can avoid this by taking out a hospital insurance policy. Having extras insurance doesn't affect whether you pay the MLS, only hospital cover does. So if you're only buying health insurance as a tax dodge, stick with a cheap hospital policy and leave the extras alone.

If you're over 31 and don't have private hospital cover, you'll have to pay a higher premium if you do ever eventually buy it. This is called the Lifetime Health Cover loading. Again, it only applies to hospital cover, and won't increase the price of your extras policy.

So if you're looking to buy health insurance to avoid paying this additional charge, keep in mind that you don't need to buy extras – only hospital cover. Likewise, youth discounts to encourage people under 30 to get health insurance only apply to hospital cover.

Extras health insurance tips

Annual limits and item limits

Health funds usually advertise the top-line benefit you can receive. "$400 for physiotherapy!" sounds like a great deal, but hidden under that are usually item limits on individual claims. You might only be able to claim $40 per visit, even if your physio charges $80 a session. Not only are you still $40 out of pocket every time you go to the physio, it will take 10 visits before you can actually claim your full annual limit.

These item limits are found in every service covered by extras, so before you go jumping into a product because of its high annual caps, it pays to do some personal accounting and figure out how much you can actually expect to claim.

Look for percentage benefits

Item limits come in two forms: set benefit and percentage benefit. If you have a set benefit, your insurer has listed a specific dollar amount for your item – $40 for a physio visit, for example. If you have a percentage benefit, the insurer picks up an agreed portion of the bill such as 60% (up to your annual limit), and you pay the rest.

Percentage benefits can be better over the long term. Our research has shown that insurers don't like to increase their set benefit amounts – the policy you buy today will more than likely pay the same amount for a dental check-up in three years' time. Meanwhile, your premium has gone up, your dentist has increased their fees, and you're the one paying more out of pocket. Percentage benefits, by definition, increase as your fees increase, meaning your policy doesn't lose value over time.

Percentage benefits for optical are usually a bad deal. Because many people only make one optical purchase per year, most policies let you claim the entire annual limit in one go – essentially this is a 100% benefit. Some policies offer 60% on every service, which can be a good deal generally, but if that 60% also applies to glasses, you'll have to spend more to claim the full annual limit.

Preferred provider schemes

A number of health funds run preferred provider schemes, where you can get higher rebates by choosing to use certain providers. These are usually dentists, physios and optometry chains the health fund has negotiated discounted prices with.

Some large funds like Bupa and HCF operate their own clinics where you can get gap-free preventative dental treatment or discounted glasses.

Be aware that professional bodies like the Australian Dental Association are opposed to these schemes on the grounds they don't offer continuity of care and reduce your choice of provider.

Check for loyalty bonuses

Some health funds pay higher benefits to loyal members. While this is good for you if you've been with them for a long time, it can be a disadvantage for new members since your time with another fund is not counted towards these bonuses. Common bonuses are in orthodontic and major dental benefits, which can increase annually for up to 10 years.

Stock images: Getty, unless otherwise stated.

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